Balancing
A balancing bid is made in the passout seat after an opponent has opened the bidding (1 of a suit on your left, Pass, Pass, to you). In these situations, it's often a good idea to stretch to keep the auction alive. To decide whether or not you should balance after a one-bid is passed around to you, keep these general guidelines in mind:
The BEST time to balance is when:
- You're short in the opponent's suit.
- You have length and high card strength in the other three suits.
- You have a good 5-card or longer suit.
- You're not vulnerable (if you can't make your bid, the penalty will be lower, and may be even less than the score you would have lost if you had defended the one-bid).
The WORST time to balance is when:
- You have a very weak hand (fewer than 8 pts.) and/or a weak suit.
- You have length in OPENER'S suit. The more cards you have in the opponent's suit, the less chance there is that you and partner will have a fit. It's often best to pass and let opener play in what may be a bad contract.
- You're vulnerable. If you can't make your bid, the penalty may be expensive, so be conservative. How strong is partner's hand?
One reason for balancing is to protect partner when he has good values, but did not have a descriptive bid available in the direct seat. In some of these cases, he may have had a trap pass - a strong hand that could not call because of length in opener's suit. To get a general idea of partner's points and distribution when the opponents pass out a one-bid, you can usually assume that: On average, your side will have about 20-22 pts. and the opponents will have 18-20 pts. (14-16 for opener, 4 for his partner). Subtract your HCP's from your side's 20-22 to determine partner's point-count.
Your side will have an average of 6 cards in opener's suit. Subtract the number of cards you have from 6 to determine partner's length in that suit. Now look for other clues to determine how likely it is that partner's hand falls in the average ranges above. If you have a marginal balancing hand, use these guidelines to make your decision:
If you have length in opener's suit, strongly consider passing. Since you know partner is short in their suit, it's more likely he has a weaker hand (with shortness and strength, he could have made a takeout double or overcall).
If you're short in opener's suit, stretch to balance. It's more likely partner has the stronger hand his length in their suit may well be the reason he couldn't bid. If you're short in opener's suit, don't play partner for more than 15 pts. With length in their suit, partner would have often bid 1NT if he had a 15+ point hand. Don't ever figure partner for more than 17 HCPs. He won't usually trap with a hand this strong, so you don't need to protect him (or a possible game) with fewer than 8 pts. Consider the vulnerability and level of the opening bid. If you're not vulnerable and the 1-level was available, partner could have overcalled if he had a long suit and 9+ pts. Vulnerable (or if the opening bid would have forced him to the 2-level), he will often pass with these minimum hands.
Balancing Actions.
If you're in the pass-out seat after the opponents stop in a part score, the meanings of your bids are:
1 |
Pass | 2 |
Pass |
| Pass | Dbl |
Double for takeout. You may be fairly light for this action if you have the right shape (shortness in their suit). A typical hand for a balancing double after the opponents stop in 2 would be: 
QJ72 2 
AJ76 
Q1053.
| 1 |
Pass | 2 |
Pass |
| Pass | 2 |
A one-suited hand that doesn't have the right pattern for a takeout double. Your failure to make a direct overcall at your first turn tells partner that your suit may not be robust: J7432 832 A7 K107.
| 1 |
Pass | 2 |
Pass |
| Pass | 2NT |
Unusual, showing length in the two lowest unbid suits (usually the minors). A balancing bid of 2NT is never natural; partner should always pull this to one of your suits. If the opponents stop in 2, your balance of 2NT would show a hand like: 7 J72 AJ104 QJ972.
Responding to Partner's Balancing Bid
When partner balances over the opponent's low-level contract, it's important to remember that he has essentially already bid your cards for you. Your partnership's goal is to find a fit and a safe part score, not to bid a game. If partner balances with a suit, the best advice is don't bid on at all. Unless you have a great fit and extraordinary playing strength or no fit, but a good suit of your own you should pass. If partner balances with a double, resist the temptation to jump in your suit. Respond your longest suit at the lowest level available. You may pass the double for penalty if you have a long, strong holding in the opponent's suit. If partner balances with an Unusual 2NT (showing the minors), he is warning you that he has no support for the unbid major. Just bid 3 of your longest minor, even if it's just a 2-card suit.
Balancing after a Suit Opening Bid (1/1/1/1 - P - P - ?)
When you balance over a one-bid, you are in effect bidding some of partner's values for him. This means you can shade down many of your bids. As a guideline, most of your balancing bids promise about one King fewer than you would need to make the same bid in the direct seat.
| 1 |
Pass | Pass | 1 |
8-13pts, usually a 5+-card suit (but may be a good 4-card suit at the one-level). The better your suit, the fewer pts. you need to bid.
| 1 |
Pass | Pass | 1NT |
About 11-14 pts. with stoppers (or moderate length) in the opponent's suit. If you're vulnerable and/or if the opening bid was 1 or 1 raise the range to 13-15 (or a poor 16) pts.
| 1 |
Pass | Pass | 2 |
A jump in a new suit shows 13-16 pts. and a strong 6+-card suit. A jump in the balancing seat invites game-it is not a strong jump-shift or a preempt.
| 1 |
Pass | Pass | Dbl |
Double is for takeout, showing 10+ pts. with shortness in the opponent's suit. A takeout double can also be used to start the description of a better hand (14+ pts.) that was too strong to balance with a simple suit bid or 1NT. After partner responds to your double, you can show the stronger hand by rebidding 1NT (to show 16-18 pts.) or freely bidding a new suit (to show 14+ pts. and a 5+-card suit).
| 1 |
Pass | Pass | 2 |
A bid of the opponent's suit. This is called a cuebid, and depending on your partnership's preference, it can have one of two meanings:
- 1 - A two-suited hand (the Michaels convention); or
- 2 - A strong, game-forcing takeout.
| 1 |
Pass | Pass | 2NT |
A jump to 2NT can also be assigned one of two meanings:
- 21-22 pts balanced or
- Unusual, showing length in the two lower unbid suits (this meaning is probably more valuable).
When partner balances the meanings of your bids are:
| 1 |
Pass | Pass | 1 |
| Pass | 2 |
Free raise of partner's suit shows a constructive hand (8-12 playing pts).
| 1 |
Pass | Pass | 1 |
| 2 |
2 |
Competitive raise of partner's suit, over an intervening bid, shows support, but may be made with a slightly weaker hand than a free raise. If opener bids again (or if his partner comes into the auction), compete if you have a fit and fair playing strength (7+ pts).
| 1 |
Pass | Pass | 1 |
| Pass | 3 |
Jump raise of partner's suit invites game with 11-13 playing points.
| 1 |
Pass | Pass | 1 |
| Pass | NT ? |
Low-level notrump bid shows good strength, stoppers in the opponent's suit and no fit for partner's major. (1NT= about 9-12 pts.. A jump to 2NT = 12-13 pts. A jump to 3NT = 14+ pts).
| 1 |
Pass | Pass | 1 |
| Pass | 2 |
New suit shows a 5+-card suit and good playing strength. If partner balanced with a major, your new-suit bid usually denies support for his suit.
| 1 |
Pass | Pass | 1 |
| Pass | 2 |
||
Cuebid (bid of the opponent's suit can have one of two meanings, depending on your partnership's preference:
- 1 - Artificial, showing a very strong hand and interest in game; or
- 2 - Natural, showing a desire to make that suit trumps. The natural meaning is usually used only if the opponent's opening bid was a minor suit (if he opened a 5-card major, the cuebid of his suit should be artificial). If partner doubles (showing 10+ pts): Remember that partner can be relatively light in high card points, so don't hang him. With most hands, respond at the cheapest level possible (don't jump, even with 10-11 pts.). If partner has a full opening bid, he'll usually bid again.
Balancing Over an Opening Notrump (1NT - P - P - ?)
A SUIT BID in the passout seat can be whatever you and partner agree:
- a natural one-suited hand
- a conventional bid showing two suits, etc. Don't worry too much about HCP requirements. It's much more important to have a good suit(s) and playing strength when you balance. Check the vulnerability. Since it's guaranteed that LHO has some length and defense against your suit -- and his partner knows this - you'll be doubled more often, so be sure you have extra strength if you're vulnerable. If you're not vulnerable and the opponents are, be more aggressive-you can balance with almost any hand that has a long, decent suit.
A DOUBLE in the passout seat can have different meanings at different vulnerabilities.
If the opponents are vulnerable and you are NOT, it can be valuable to play a light double that shows as few as 10-12 pts.
If partner has fair strength (8+ pts) and can pass, the reward is great. If partner is weaker and pulls the double to his long suit, you have the safety of being non-vulnerable.
If the opponents are NOT vulnerable, a double should show a better hand (14+ pts.). Partner will bid or pass accordingly.
If YOU are vulnerable, a double shows a real powerhouse (a minimum of a great 18 pts.). Partner will pass with almost anything. Responder's bids (after partner balances over a one-bid) Remember that partner may have stretched to keep the auction open for you, so don't hang him. In general, most of your responses promise about one Queen more than you would have if partner had taken action in the direct seat. If partner balances with a suit (showing 8-13 pts.). Don't get too excited. Partner usually has less than opening-bid strength, so you should usually pass if you have a weak hand without a fit.
If partner balances with 1NT (showing 11-14 pts):
- Pass with most fairly balanced hands of up to 10-11 pts.
- 2NT is invitational, showing about 11-13 pts. not vulnerable (10-11 pts. Vulnerable).
- A game bid should show about 14 pts. if you're not vulnerable, about 12 pts. if you're vulnerable.
- Other responses to 1NT can follow one of two approaches, depending on your partnership's preference.
Systems off
- 2 of a new suit is to play.
- A jump in a new suit is forcing.
- A cuebid of the opponent's suit is Stayman, asking partner for a 4-card major.
Systems on
- 2 is Stayman.
- Other bids, including a cuebid, follow your notrump system (transfers, etc).
Examples
| 1 |
Pass | Pass | ? |
What is your bid with: Q3 KQ4 AJ87 QJ92
1NT. This is about the strongest hand you should have for a balancing 1NT.
| 1 |
Pass | Pass | ? |
What is your bid with: 984 QJ6 AQ1032 K10
1NT. A 2 bid is also a possibility, but with your balanced
shape and heart stopper, 1NT is a better description.
| 1 |
Pass | Pass | ? |
What is your bid with: K5
64 J102 AJ10854
2. Don't be afraid to balance light if you have a good suit,
especially if you're relatively short in your opponent's suit.
| 1 |
Pass | Pass | ? |
What is your bid with: QJ93 2 A874 K1032
Double. You have minimum points, but you have right distribution.
| 1 |
Pass | Pass | ? |
What is your bid with: AQJ103 754 6 AQJ3
Double. This hand is too strong for a simple 1 balance, which can show as few as 8 pts. You plan to rebid 2 over partner's response, showing a good overcall.
| 1 |
Pass | Pass | ? |
What is your bid with: 4 1043 AQ7 AKJ1084
3. This hand is too strong for a simple 2 balance. Jump to show your strong suit and invite game.
| 1 |
Pass | Pass | ? |
What is your bid with: J QJ84 Q7654 AQ7
Pass. Your long suit is very weak and you have length in opener's suit. Also, they may have a better contract in spades, and they may find it if you reopen the bidding for them
| 1 |
Pass | Pass | ? |
What is your bid with: 53 J973 KQ1032 Q9
Pass. You have a good suit, but you're very weak. Partner's failure to bid suggests that opener has a powerhouse, or that the opponents have a better fit somewhere.
If the opponents find a trump fit and stop at 2, you can USUALLY assume that:
- They have a combined average of about 22 HCPs and your side has an average of 18 HCPs. Subtract your HCPs from 18 to determine about how many points partner will have.
- They have a 8 trumps and you have 5. Subtract the number of cards you hold in their suit from 5 to determine partner's length in their suit. The shorter he is in their suit, the more likely he'll have a fit for YOUR suit.
- You and partner are likely to have an 8-card fit somewhere.
- The opponents aren't crazy. Don't worry too much about balancing them into a game. If they haven't made a try for game, assume they WANTED to stop where they did.
If the opponents stop in 1NT (they bid 1 - 1 - 1NT or 1 - 1NT, etc.):
Balancing in the passout seat is somewhat risky because the opponents don't have a fit. You'll want to have some extra strength to balance over these auctions. As a result, most of your actions suggest at least moderate length in the suit bid on your right (because if you had shortness in that suit, you probably would have made a bid earlier in the auction). Some pairs like to play a double in these auctions as a trap pass, showing a strong holding in the suit bid on your right. In this case, responder shouldn't be afraid to pass and lead dummy's suit.